Description:

•  Flow through an Orifice apparatus allows students to measure:
• Decrease in flow Contraction of the stream
• Energy loss They find these measurements as water leaves an orifice. Students can also use the apparatus to study different shapes of orifice (extra orifices are available separately, H4a).
• The apparatus works with Hydraulic Bench and stands on the hydraulic bench worktop. The equipment has a transparent cylindrical tank, with a mounting in the base for different orifices.
• It supplies the apparatus with a sharp-edged orifice already mounted. Water flows into the tank from the hydraulic bench through an adjustable diffuser.
• The flow rate and an overflow pipe set the water level. To change the level in the tank (and so the head on the orifice), students adjust the flow to the diffuser. Water leaves the tank through the orifice.
• The jet that leaves the orifice discharges into the hydraulic bench measuring tank.
• Manometers measure the total head on the orifice and under the jet. A traverse assembly holds a Pitot tube which students can position anywhere in the jet.
• A sharp blade accurately measures the jet diameter. This allows students to find the contraction coefficient.

Key features:

• Direct measurement of total head, head loss and diameter of a vertical water jet Integral Pitot traverse with blade to measure head in the jet and diameter of jet
• Includes a sharp-edged orifice
• Sets of additional interchangeable orifices available for more experiments
• Works with hydraulic bench for easy installation

Learning outcomes:

• Investigations into a variety of orifices over a range of flow rates, including:
• Determination of contraction and velocity coefficients
• Calculation of discharge coefficient
• Determination of actual discharge coefficient, and comparison with calculated values
• Determination of the various coefficients over a range of flow rates to show the influence of Reynolds number
• Study of the characteristics of different orifices
• Nett dimensions and weight:
• 670 mm high x 400 mm x 350 mm and 6.5 kg
• Approximate packed dimensions and weight:
• 0.18 m3 and 15 kg
• Sharp-edged Orifice:
• 13 mm diameter

Detailed Specifications:

• Packed dimensions and weight:
• 0.046 m3 and 4 kg
• Circular orifice dimensions:
• • Length 13 mm, with 60° contraction and 60° diverging
• section
• • Length 13 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth
• approach to 60° diverging section
• • Length 60 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth
• approach to 51 mm long parallel section
• • Length 60 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth
• approach, to 30° diverging section and 25 mm long
• parallel section
• Triangular orifice dimensions:
• Each side nominally 12.1 mm, including 1.5 mm corner
• Radius Square orifice dimensions:
• 9 mm square Orifice material: Aluminium
• side of a vertical tank and comparison with simple theory.