Description

• The Friction Loss in a Pipe apparatus allows students to study the change in the laws of resistance for laminar to turbulent flow and find the critical Reynolds number.
• The apparatus shows the flow transition point from laminar to turbulent, and is ideal for demonstrations as well as student experiments.
• The equipment is a small-bore, straight test pipe on a base plate. It works with Digital Hydraulic Benches (available separately).
• Static pressure tapping’s upstream and downstream of the test pipe connect to a water manometer or a hand-held digital pressure meter (supplied).
• The back panel holds the manometer with calibrated scales. The water manometer measures lower differential pressures in the laminar and lower turbulent flow regions (just above the critical Reynolds Number).
• The pressure meter measures higher pressures in the turbulent flow region. The water manometer includes an air valve and hand-pump.
• The hand-pump adjusts the datum of the water manometer where necessary. A precision needle valve downstream of the test pipe accurately controls flow rate.
• To perform experiments, students stand the apparatus on the hydraulic bench and fit the Header Tank (supplied).
• For low flow rate experiments, the Header Tank supplies the test pipe. For higher flow rate experiments, the hydraulic bench supplies the test pipe directly.
• Students set the flow rate, measuring it by timing the collection of water in a measuring vessel (included).
• Students take readings of temperature from a thermometer (supplied) and readings of head from the manometer or the pressure meter.
• They then use the results to produce charts to help compare actual results with theory

Key features:

• Directly measures friction loss in a smallbore test pipe
• Investigates laminar and turbulent flow and the transition point
• Shows the critical Reynolds Number and verifies Poiseuille’s Equation for laminar flow
• Includes precision valve for precise flow control and a Header Tank for good laminar flow
• Works with Hydraulic Bench for easy installation

Learning outcomes:

• Measurement of the impact force on a flat plate and comparison with momentum change
• Measurement of the impact force on a hemispherical plate and comparison with momentum change
• Measurement of the impact force on an inclined flat plate (available separately) and comparison with momentum change
• Measurement of the impact force on a conical plate (available separately) and comparison with momentum change